Cognitive Radio Technology

Author： Fette, Bruce A.

Publishers： Elsevier Science

Publishing year： 2009

ISBN： 9780080923161

Subject： [TN 无线电电子学、电信技术]

Language： ENG

Introduction

This book gives a thorough knowledge of cognitive radio concepts, principles, standards, spectrum policy issues and product implementation details. In addition to 16 chapters covering all the basics of cognitive radio, this new edition has eight brand-new chapters covering cognitive radio in multiple antenna systems, policy language and policy engine, spectrum sensing, rendezvous techniques, spectrum consumption models, protocols for adaptation, cognitive networking, and information on the latest standards, making it an indispensable resource for the RF and wireless engineer.

The new edition of this cutting edge reference, which gives a thorough knowledge of principles, implementation details, standards, policy issues in one volume, enables the RF and wireless engineer to master and apply today’s cognitive radio technologies.

Bruce Fette, PhD, is Chief Scientist in the Communications Networking Division of General Dynamics C4 Systems in Scottsdale, AZ. He worked with the Software Defined Radio (SDR) Forum from its inception, currently performing the role of Technical Chair, and is a panelist for the IEEE Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Industrial Technology Track. He currently heads the General Dynamics Signal Processing Center of Excellence in the Communication Networks Division. Dr. Fette has 36 patents and has been awarded the "Distinguished Innovator Award".

* Foreword and a chapter contribution by Joe Mitola, the creator o

Chapter

  • Front cover

  • Half title page

  • Title page

  • Copyright page

  • Contents

  • Preface

  • CRs Know Radio Like TellMe Knows 800 Numbers

  • Future iCRs See What You See, Discovering RF Uses, Needs, and Preferences

  • CRs Hear What You Hear, Augmenting Your Personal Skills

  • Ideal CRs Learn to Differentiate Speakers to Reduce Confusion

  • More Flexible Secondary Use of the Radio Spectrum

  • Acknowledgments

  • Chapter 1: History and Background of Cognitive Radio Technology

  • 1.1 The Vision of Cognitive Radio

  • 1.2 History and Background Leading to Cognitive Radio

  • 1.3 A Brief History of Software Defined Radio

  • 1.4 Basic SDR

  • 1.5 Cognitive Radio

  • 1.6 Spectrum Management

  • 1.7 US Government Roles in Cognitive Radio

  • 1.8 How Smart Is Useful?

  • 1.9 Organization of This Book

  • References

  • Chapter 2: Communications Policy and Spectrum Management

  • 2.1 Introduction

  • 2.2 Cognitive Radio Technology Enablers

  • 2.3 New Opportunities in Spectrum Access

  • 2.4 Policy Challenges for Cognitive Radios

  • 2.5 Telecommunications Policy and Technology Impact on Regulation

  • 2.6 Global Policy Interest in Cognitive Radios

  • 2.7 Summary

  • 2.8 Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 3: The Software-Defined Radio as a Platform for Cognitive Radio

  • 3.1 Introduction

  • 3.2 Hardware Architecture

  • 3.3 Software Architecture

  • 3.4 SDR Development and Design

  • 3.5 Applications

  • 3.6 Development

  • 3.7 Cognitive Waveform Development

  • 3.8 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 4: Cognitive Radio: The Technologies Required

  • 4.1 Introduction

  • 4.2 Radio Flexibility and Capability

  • 4.3 Aware, Adaptive, and Cognitive Radios

  • 4.4 Comparison of Radio Capabilities and Properties

  • 4.5 Available Technologies for Cognitive Radios

  • 4.6 Funding and Research in Cognitive Radios

  • 4.7 Timeline for Cognitive Radios

  • 4.8 Update of CR-Specific Technologies

  • 4.9 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 5: Spectrum Awareness and Access Considerations

  • 5.1 Dynamic Spectrum Awareness and Access Objectives

  • 5.2 Prior Work in Spectrum Awareness and Access

  • 5.3 Some End-to-End DSA Example Implementations

  • 5.4 Dynamic Spectrum Awareness

  • 5.5 Front-End Linearity Management

  • 5.6 Dynamic Spectrum Access Objectives

  • 5.7 Spectral Footprint Management Objectives

  • 5.8 Implications on Network-Level Decision Making

  • 5.9 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 6: Cognitive Policy Engines

  • 6.1 The Promise of Policy Management for Radios

  • 6.2 Background and Definitions

  • 6.3 Spectrum Policy

  • 6.4 Antecedents for Cognitive Policy Management

  • 6.5 Policy Engine Architectures for Radio

  • 6.6 Integration of Policy Engines into Cognitive Radio

  • 6.7 The Future of Cognitive Policy Management

  • 6.8 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 7: Cognitive Techniques: Physical and Link Layers

  • 7.1 Introduction

  • 7.2 Optimizing Physical and Link Layers for Multiple Objectives under Current Channel Conditions

  • 7.3 Defining the Cognitive Radio

  • 7.4 Developing Radio Controls (Knobs) and Performance Measures (Meters)

  • 7.5 Multiobjective Decision-Making Theory and Its Application to Cognitive Radio

  • 7.6 The Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Cognitive Radios

  • 7.7 Advanced Genetic Algorithm Techniques

  • 7.8 Need for a Higher-Layer Intelligence

  • 7.9 How the Intelligent Computers Operate

  • 7.10 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 8: Cognitive Techniques: Position Awareness

  • 8.1 Introduction

  • 8.2 Radio Geolocation and Time Services

  • 8.3 Network Localization

  • 8.4 Additional Geolocation Approaches

  • 8.5 Network-Based Approaches

  • 8.6 Boundary Decisions

  • 8.7 Example of Cellular Phone 911 Geolocation for First Responders

  • 8.8 Interfaces to Other Cognitive Technologies

  • 8.9 Summary

  • Exercise

  • References

  • Chapter 9: Cognitive Techniques: Three Types of Network Awareness

  • 9.1 Introduction

  • 9.2 Applications and Their Requirements

  • 9.3 Network Awareness: Protocols

  • 9.4 Situation-Aware Protocols in Edge Network Technologies

  • 9.5 Network Awareness: Node Capabilities and Cooperation

  • 9.6 A Distributed System of Radios—The Radio Team

  • 9.7 Network Awareness: Node Location and Cognition for Self-Placement

  • 9.8 Summary

  • 9.9 Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 10: Cognitive Services for the User

  • 10.1 Introduction

  • 10.2 Speech and Language Processing

  • 10.3 Concierge Services

  • 10.4 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 11: Network Support: The Radio Environment Map

  • 11.1 Introduction

  • 11.2 REM: The Vehicle for Providing Network Support to CRs

  • 11.3 Obtaining Cognition with REM: A Systematic Top-Down Approach

  • 11.4 High-Level System Design of REM

  • 11.5 Network Support Scenarios and Applications

  • 11.6 Example Applications of REM to Cognitive Wireless Networks

  • 11.7 Summary and Open Issues

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 12: Cognitive Research: Knowledge Representation and Learning

  • 12.1 Introduction

  • 12.2 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

  • 12.3 Machine Learning

  • 12.4 Implementation Considerations

  • 12.5 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 13: The Role of Ontologies in Cognitive Radios

  • 13.1 Overview of Ontology-Based Radios

  • 13.2 Knowledge-Intense Characteristics of Cognitive Radios

  • 13.3 Ontologies and Their Roles in Cognitive Radio

  • 13.4 A Layered Ontology and Reference Model

  • 13.5 Examples

  • 13.6 Open Research Issues

  • 13.7 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 14: Cognitive Radio Architecture

  • 14.1 Introduction

  • 14.2 CRA-I: Functions, Components, and Design Rules

  • 14.3 CRA-II: The Cognition Cycle

  • 14.4 CRA-III: The Inference Hierarchy

  • 14.5 CRA-IV: Architecture Maps

  • 14.6 CRA-V: Building the CRA on SDR Architectures

  • 14.7 Cognition Architecture Research Topics

  • 14.8 Industrial-Strength CR Design Rules

  • 14.9 Summary and Future Directions

  • 14.10 Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 15: Cognitive Radio Performance Analysis

  • 15.1 Introduction

  • 15.2 The Analysis Problem

  • 15.3 Traditional Engineering Analysis Techniques

  • 15.4 Applying Game Theory to the Analysis Problem

  • 15.5 Relevant Game Models

  • 15.6 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 16: Cognitive Radio in Multiple-Antenna Systems

  • 16.1 Introduction

  • 16.2 Multiple-Antenna Techniques

  • 16.3 Cognitive Capability in an MA System

  • 16.4 Application to Next-Generation Wireless Communications

  • 16.5 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 17: Cognitive Radio Policy Language and Policy Engine

  • 17.1 Introduction

  • 17.2 Benefits of a Policy-Based Approach

  • 17.3 neXt -Generation Spectrum Policy Architecture

  • 17.4 Policy Language and Engine Design

  • 17.5 SRI Spectrum Policy Language

  • 17.6 SRI Policy Engine

  • 17.7 SRI Policy Engine Demonstration

  • 17.8 Lessons Learned and Future Work

  • 17.9 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 18: Spectrum Sensing Based on Spectral Correlation

  • 18.1 Introduction

  • 18.2 The Statistical Nature of Communication Signals

  • 18.3 Spectrum Sensing Based on Spectral Correlation

  • 18.4 Application to Modern Communication Signals

  • 18.5 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 19: Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Networks

  • 19.1 Introduction

  • 19.2 The Use of Control Channels

  • 19.3 Blind Rendezvous

  • 19.4 Link Maintenance and the Effect of Primary Users

  • 19.5 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 20: Spectrum-Consumption Models

  • 20.1 Introduction

  • 20.2 Reconciling DSA and Spectrum Management

  • 20.3 The Location-Based Method to Specify RF Spectrum Rights

  • 20.4 Optimized Data Structures for the LBSR

  • 20.5 Constructing Rights

  • 20.6 Applications

  • 20.7 Future Research and Work

  • 20.8 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 21:Protocols for Adaptation in Cognitive Radio

  • 21.1 Introduction

  • 21.2 Modulation

  • 21.3 Error-Control Codes

  • 21.4 Performance Measures for a Code-Modulation Library

  • 21.5 Special Subsets of the Code-Modulation Library

  • 21.6 Receiver Statistics

  • 21.7 Initial Power Adjustment

  • 21.8 Adaptive Transmission

  • 21.9 Protocol Throughput Performance for Dynamic Channels

  • 21.10 Summary

  • Exercises

  • References

  • Chapter 22: Cognitive Networking

  • 22.1 Introduction

  • 22.2 Current CN Research

  • 22.3 Research Holes and Future Directions

  • 22.4 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 23: The Role of IEEE Standardization in NextGeneration Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access Developments

  • 23.1 Introduction

  • 23.2 Definitions and Terminology

  • 23.3 Overview of the IEEE Standards Activities

  • 23.4 IEEE 802 Cognitive Radio-Related Activities

  • 23.5 IEEE SCC41: Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks

  • 23.6 Potential for New Products and Systems

  • 23.7 Summary

  • References

  • Chapter 24: The Really Hard Problems

  • 24.1 Introduction

  • 24.2 Discussion and Summary of CR Technologies

  • 24.3 Services Offered to Wireless Networks Through Infrastructure

  • References

  • Index

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