Linux for Embedded and Real-time Applications

Author： Abbott, Doug

Publishers： Elsevier Science

Publishing year： 2012

ISBN： 9780123914330

Subject： [TP316 操作系统]

Language： ENG

Introduction

This new edition of Linux for Embedded and Real-Time Applications provides a practical introduction to the basics and the latest developments in this rapidly evolving technology. Ideal for those new to using Linux in an embedded environment, it takes a hands-on approach and covers key concepts plus specific applications.

Key features include:

  • Substantially updated to focus on a specific ARM-based single board computer (SBC) as a target for embedded application programming

  • Includes an introduction to Android programming

With this book you will learn:

  • The basics of Open Source, Linux and the embedded space

  • How to set up a simple system and tool chain

  • How to use simulation for initial application testing

  • Network, graphics and Android programming

  • How to use some of the many Linux components and tools

  • How to configure and build the Linux kernel, BusyBox and U-Boot bootloader
  • Provides a hands-on introduction for engineers and software developers who need to get up to speed quickly on embedded Linux, its operation and its capabilities – including Android
  • Updated and changed accompanying tools, with a focus on the author’s specially-developed Embedded Linux Learning Kit

Chapter

  • Front Cover

  • Linux for Embedded and Real-Time Applications

  • Copyright Page

  • Dedication

  • Contents

  • Preface

  • Audience and Prerequisites

  • Personal Biases

  • Organization

  • 1: Introduction and Getting Started

  • 1: The Embedded and Real-Time Space

  • What Is Embedded?

  • What Is Real-Time?

  • How and Why Does Linux Fit In?

  • Open Source

  • Portable and Scalable

  • Where Is Linux Embedded?

  • Open Source Licensing

  • Legal Issues

  • Resources

  • 2: Installing Linux

  • Distributions

  • Debian GNU/Linux

  • Fedora

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux

  • SUSE

  • Ubuntu

  • Hardware Requirements

  • Installation Scenarios

  • Stand-Alone

  • Dual-Booting

  • Virtualization

  • DVD or Live CD?

  • Installation Process

  • Disk Partitioning

  • Package Selection

  • Resources

  • Specific Distribution Sites

  • Other Resources

  • 3: Introducing Linux

  • Running Linux—KDE

  • File Manager

  • Shell Window

  • Linux Features

  • Protected Mode Architecture

  • Real Mode

  • Protected Mode

  • “Flat” vs. Segmented Memory Models

  • Paging

  • The Linux Process Model

  • The fork() Function

  • The execve() Function

  • The Linux File System

  • File Permissions

  • The “root” User

  • The /proc File System

  • The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

  • The /usr Hierarchy

  • “Mounting” File Systems

  • System Configuration

  • The Shell

  • Getting Help

  • Resources

  • 4: The Host Development Environment

  • Cross-Development Tools—The GNU Tool Chain

  • GCC

  • Make

  • GDB

  • Install Software

  • What’s on the DVD?

  • Install Cross-Tool Chain

  • Install Root File System

  • The Terminal Emulator, minicom

  • Networking

  • Network Address

  • What About Wireless?

  • Network File System

  • Trivial File Transfer Protocol

  • Resources

  • 5: The Hardware

  • Embedded Hardware

  • ARM Single Board Computer

  • Specifications

  • What About Other Boards?

  • BeagleBoard

  • Specifications (Rev. C4)

  • Gumstix

  • Specifications

  • Raspberry Pi

  • Specifications

  • Setting Up the Mini2440

  • Flash Memory and File Systems

  • Flash Memory—NAND and NOR

  • Root File System in Flash

  • Preparing the Board

  • Sample Code

  • factory_images

  • The Script Files

  • mini_boot

  • set-mini_boot

  • *.sh

  • The Procedure

  • Final Steps

  • What Can Go Wrong?

  • The Boot Loader

  • Resources

  • Sites for Alternate Boards

  • 6: Eclipse Integrated Development Environment

  • Overview

  • Plug-ins

  • Workbench

  • Installation

  • Using Eclipse

  • The C Development Environment—CDT

  • Creating a New Project

  • Adding Source Code to the Project

  • Content Assist

  • Code Templates

  • Automatic Closing

  • The Program

  • Building the Project

  • Debugging with CDT

  • The Debug View

  • Variables View

  • Breakpoints View

  • Memory View

  • Finish Debugging

  • Summary

  • Resources

  • 2: Application Programming in a Cross-Development Environment

  • 7: Accessing Hardware from User Space

  • Review

  • ARM I/O Architecture

  • LEDs and Pushbuttons

  • Accessing I/O from Linux—Our First Program

  • Creating a Project

  • The Target Execution Environment

  • The led Program

  • The Makefile

  • A Data Acquisition Example

  • Resources

  • 8: Debugging Embedded Software

  • Remote Debugging with Eclipse

  • Remote Debug Launch Configuration

  • A Thermostat

  • Host Workstation as Debug Environment

  • Advanced Breakpoint Features

  • Debugger Services Framework

  • Installing SSH

  • Add a Password for Root

  • Configuring RSE

  • Debugging with RSE

  • Resources

  • 9: Posix Threads

  • Threads

  • Thread Attributes

  • Synchronization—Mutexes

  • Mutex Attributes

  • Problems with Solving the Resource Sharing Problem—Priority Inversion

  • Communication—Condition Variables

  • Condition Variable Attributes

  • Thread Termination and Cancellation

  • Cleanup Handlers

  • Pthreads Implementations

  • Upgrading the Thermostat

  • Linux Device Drivers

  • The Low Level I/O API

  • Changes Required in thermostat.c

  • Debugging Multithreaded Programs

  • Resources

  • 10: Embedded Networking

  • Sockets

  • The Server Process

  • The Client Process

  • Socket Attributes

  • A Simple Example

  • The Server

  • The Client

  • A Remote Thermostat

  • Multiple Monitor Threads

  • Embedded Web Servers

  • Background on HTTP

  • A Web-Enabled Thermostat

  • Dynamic Web Content

  • Forms and the POST Method

  • Build and Try it

  • A “Real” Web Server—Boa

  • Embedded E-mail

  • Other Application-Level Protocols

  • Resources

  • 11: Configuring and Building the Kernel

  • Getting Started

  • Kernel Version Numbering

  • The Kernel Source Tree

  • Kernel Makefile

  • Patching the Kernel

  • Configuring the Kernel—make config, menuconfig, xconfig

  • xconfig Options

  • .config File

  • Behind the Scenes—What’s Really Happening

  • Building the Kernel

  • Workstation Digression

  • Booting the New Kernel

  • Resources

  • 12: Kernel Modules and Device Drivers

  • Kernel Modules

  • A Module Example

  • “Tainting” the Kernel

  • Kernel Modules and the GPL

  • Building Kernel Modules

  • The Role of a Module

  • What’s a Device Driver Anyway?

  • Linux Device Drivers

  • The /dev Directory

  • The Low-Level User Space I/O APIs

  • Internal Driver Structure

  • Driver Data Structures

  • init() and exit()

  • open() and release()

  • read() and write()

  • Building and Running the Driver

  • Debugging Kernel Code

  • printk

  • /proc Files

  • Handling Interrupts

  • Registering an Interrupt Handler

  • Probing for the Interrupt

  • Deferred Processing—the “Bottom Half”

  • Building Your Driver into the Kernel

  • Resources

  • 3: Components and Tools

  • 13: BusyBox and Linux Initialization

  • Introducing BusyBox

  • Configuring and Installing BusyBox

  • BusyBox Settings

  • Applets

  • Building and Installing

  • Using BusyBox

  • A Thermostat Display

  • ANSI Terminal Escape Sequences

  • Thermostat Display

  • ncurses Library

  • User Space Initialization

  • Stage 1 Boot Loader

  • U-Boot

  • Linux Kernel

  • Init Process

  • Resources

  • 14: U-Boot Boot Loader and Getting Ready to Ship

  • U-Boot

  • Background

  • Installing and Configuring U-Boot

  • Testing a New U-Boot

  • “JTAGing” the NOR

  • Creating a Flash File System

  • More Thoughts on Flash Partitions

  • The Flat Device Tree

  • Resources

  • 15: Source Code Control—GIT

  • Background

  • Introducing Git

  • File States and Life Cycle

  • Branching and Merging

  • Configuring Git

  • Graphical Git

  • Creating a New Repository

  • Resources

  • 16: Build Tools

  • Buildroot

  • OpenEmbedded

  • Getting Started

  • Personal Observations

  • Android

  • Application Development

  • Platform Development

  • Wrap Up

  • Resources

  • Appendix A: U-Boot Commands

  • Information Commands

  • Memory Commands

  • NOR Flash Memory Commands

  • NAND Flash Memory Commands

  • Execution Control Commands

  • Download Commands

  • Environment Variable Commands

  • Environment Variables

  • Appendix B: Why Software Should Not Have Owners

  • Index

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